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Data Sources & References
Engineering calculators are only as good as their data sources. We document where our formulas, constants, and material properties come from.
Standards Organizations
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, B31 piping standards, pump standards
ASME B31.1 Power PipingASME B31.3 Process PipingASME BPVC Section VIII
ASTM International
Material properties, testing standards, and material specifications
ASTM A36 Carbon SteelASTM A312 Stainless Steel PipeASTM material property tables
API (American Petroleum Institute)
Petroleum and chemical industry standards for pumps, valves, and equipment
API 610 Centrifugal PumpsAPI 6D Pipeline ValvesAPI 650 Storage Tanks
Reference Sources by Category
Material Properties
- •ASM International Materials Handbook
- •ASTM material specifications (A36, A53, A106, A312, etc.)
- •Manufacturer data sheets and published material properties
- •MatWeb material property database
Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics
- •Crane Technical Paper 410 — Flow of Fluids
- •Darcy-Weisbach equation (standard fluid mechanics)
- •Moody friction factor charts and Colebrook-White equation
- •Idelchik Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance
Pump Engineering
- •API 610 — Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry
- •Hydraulic Institute Standards
- •Karassik, I.J. — Pump Handbook
- •Gulich, J.F. — Centrifugal Pumps
Heat Transfer
- •Incropera & DeWitt — Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- •TEMA Standards for heat exchangers
- •LMTD method (standard thermal design)
- •Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
Structural & Mechanical
- •AISC Steel Construction Manual
- •Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain
- •Beer/Johnston — Mechanics of Materials
- •Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design
Corrections & Updates
Standards are updated periodically, and we strive to keep our calculators current with the latest editions. If you find a reference that is out of date or a formula that does not match the current standard, please report it.
support@industrialengineeringhub.com